In this job I explored the main historical, political and institutional aspects of this historical event, crossing over the evolutionary stages: starting from Spanish civil war (17 July 1936 - 1 April 1939) and the heritage that it has left in the democratic Spain. This has been considered as the preamble of the second world war and a test bench for the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, and a comparison between the main political ideologies present in Europe and that, suddenly, would have entered in conflict: Fascism, the Liberal Democracy and the other revolutionary movements such as Socialism, Communism and Anarchy; going through the final triumph in the civil war of nationalist Francisco Franco with whom began a dictatorship of 36 years, from 1937 to 1975, analyzing the nature of the regime and the main aspects; to end with the Spanish Transition or new Borbonic restoration, the process thanks to which Spain could pass peacefully from the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, to a social democratic State.